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Purpose To evaluate left ventricular systolic function and synchronicity after pacemaker implantation on different locations of right ventricle by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) and real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) and to explore the correlation of the two techniques.Materials and Methods Twenty-seven patients who received permanent cardiac dual-cavity pacemaker implantation in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from September 2016 to May 2017 were enrolled and divided into right ventricle apex (RVA) pacing group and right ventricle outflow tract (ROVT) pacing group in line with different implantation parts.2D-STI and RT-3DE were taken to obtain left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),longitudinal strain and synchronic parameters of the patients one month before and after the surgery.Meanwhile for synchronic parameters,correlation analysis of percentage (Tmsv-16-SD％) of standard deviation (Tp-SD) of time when the 18th section of the left ventricle reached peak and the standard deviation of volume when the 16th section of the left ventricle reachd minimum end-systole in cardiac cycle would be developed.Results Postoperative LVEF in two groups was obviously decreased compared with that before the surgery (P＜0.05).Postoperative longitudinal systolic peak of the left ventricle apex section in RVA group was significantly increased compared with that before the surgery (P＜0.05).Left ventricular systolic synchronic parameters in the two groups were obviously enhanced compared with those before surgery (P＜0.05),among which enhancement in RVA group was more obvious than that in ROVT group.Difference of Tp-SD,maximum difference of time of the 18th section of the left ventricle reaching peak and time of the 16th section of the left ventricle reaching minimum systolic volume and percentage of maximum difference of minimum systolic volume time of the 16th section of the left ventricle in cardiac cycle was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Tp-SD was positively correlate with Tmsv-16-SD％ (r=0.775,P＜0.001).Conclusion Postoperative systolic functions of left ventricle in the two groups are decreased compared with those before the surgery.Left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony after the surgery is caused in RVA group and RVOT group,but left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony in RVOT group is better than that in RVA group.2D-STI and RT-3DE can be used for quantitative analysis of left ventricular systolic synchronicity with good correlation.
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Assessment of left ventricular function is an important part of the function of whole cardiac.Two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging technology can track single pixel and get its trajectory,thus we can fully knowledge the function of left ventricular.At present,a large number of clinical studies have confirmed the significance of two-speckle tracking imaging in the evaluation of left ventricular function,and the details were reviewed in this article.
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Objective To investigate the ability of targeting in vitro breast carcinoma and photoacoustic-mediate apoptosis of breast carcinoma of the nanoparticle probe loaded with Fe3O4 and observe its consequence of photoacoustic imaging in vitro.Methods The polymeric multifunctional nanoparticles probe that was loaded with Fe3O4 and connected with Herceptin targeting breast carcinoma was prepared in the use of double emulsion method and carbodiimide method.General physical property,the condition of Herceptin connected with nanoparticles and the ability of targeting of the probe were tested.The different concentration of nanoparticles was imaged by photoacoustic.The inhibiting effect of targeting nanoparticles on breast carcinoma cells was evaluated in vitro.Results The targeting polymeric multifunctional nanoparticles probes loaded with Fe3O,were prepared successfully with average particle diameter of (235.4± 53.75)nm and Zeta potential (-13.4 ± 4.7)mV.Fe3O4 particles dispersed on the shell of the probes.Antibody Hereeptin was successfully connected with the surface of the nanoprobes.There were massive targeting nanoprobes surround the breast carcinoma cell strains SKBR3 in the targeting group in vitro.The photoascoustic signal of the nanoprobes enhanced with the increase of Fe3O4 concentration in photoacoustic experiment in vitro.The apoptotic rate of breast carcinoma increased after the laser irradiation in the cell inhibition experiment in vitro.That proved the obvious inhibition of breast carcinoma cells was caused by photothermal effect of the prepared nanoprobes.Conclusions The prepared polymeric multifunctional nanoparticles probe that was loaded with Fe3O4 and connected with Herceptin targeting breast carcinoma can be used as a photoacoustic contrast agent,which can inhibit the proliferation of breast carcinoma by targeting photoacoustic therapy.
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Objective To optimize the formulation of a new kind of ultrasound contrast agents carrying the sensitizer of hematoporphyrin(HP)with[Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid),PLGA]for material.Methods The technique of double emulsion was applied to produce HP loaded PLGA ultrasound microbubbles,which was optimized through orthogonal test using encapsulation efficiency for the detected index.Then morphology and distribution of HP-PLGA microbubbles were observed through light microscope and scaning electron microscope.The size,Zeta potential and the properties of releasing behavior and ultrasound imaging in vitro of Hp-PLGA contrast agents were detected.Results The optimization parameters were picked out as 10 mg/ml for concentration of HP,40 mg for PLGA,and 1/5 for volume ratio of water inside to dichloromethane.The optimized HP-PLGA contrast agents were spheric with the mean size of 602.3 nm,and Zeta potentiaI of-(17.1±1.6)mV.The drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of HP-PLGA were(2.15±0.15)%and(63.5±2.6)%,respectively.And the releasing behavior of HP-PLGA contrast agents in vitro was that after an obvious release of about 35.1%in former 24 h,there were 86.5%HP-PLGA released within 14 days.The ultrasound imaging of HP-PLGA could be enhanced obviously in vitro.Conclusions The self-made HP-PLGA ultrasound microbubble might be a useful tool for delivering sensitizer and thus provide a novel strategy for sonodynamic therapy on tumor.
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Objective To investigate the targeted capacity of ultrasound contrast agent with a galactosepoly-L-lysine ligand,and lay the foundation for targeted imaging in vivo and the treatment of liver cancer.Methods The small molecular targeted ligand was synthetized by a method of reductive amination,the targeted lipid microbubbles were performed by combining lipid microbubbles with the targeted ligand,the targeted effectiveness was observed by fluorescence microscopy.Results Galactose and poly-L-lysine were combined effectively after 24 h with the molar ratio 1:1 00,the average particle size of the targeted lipid microbubbles was 2 micron,the targeted combine of the HepG2 liver cancer cells with the targeted ultrasound contrast agent was observed by laser scanning confoeal microscope.Conclusions The targeted lipid miembubbles can target effectively to the HepG2 cells.